KONSEP KOPERASI

KONSEP KOPERASI

Konsep koperasi dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu:

• konsep koperasi barat
• konsep koperasi sosialis
• konsep koperasi negara berkembang

1. konsep koperasi barat

koperasi merupakan organisasi swasta, yang dibentuk secara sukarela oleh orang-orang yang mempunyai persamaan kepentingan dan maksud mengurusi kepentingan para anggotanya serta menciptakan keuntungan timbal balik bagi anggota koperasi maupun perusahaan koperaasi. 

Unsur-unsur positif konsep koperasi barat :

• keinginan individu dapat dipuaskan dengan cara bekerja sama antar sesama anggota, dengan saling membantu dan saling menguntungkan
• setiap individu dengan tujuan yang sama dapat berpartisipasi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dan menanggung resiko bersama
• haasil berupa surplus/keuntungan didistribusikan kepada anggota sesuai dengan metode yang telah disepakati
• keuntungan yang belum didistribusikan akan dimasukan sebagai cadangan koperasi 

Dampak langsung koperasi terhdan dikendalikan oleh adap anggotanya :

• promosi kegiatan ekonomi anggotanya
• pengembangan usaha perusahaan koperasi dalam hal investasi, formasi permodalan, pengembangan SDM, pengembangan keahlian untuk bertidak sebagai wirausahawan dan bekerja sama antar koperasi secara horizontal dan vertikal 

Dampak tidak langsung koperasi terhadap anggotanya :

• pengembangan kondisi sosial ekonomi sejumlah produsen skala kecil maupun pelanggan
• mengembangkan inovasi pada perusahaan skala kecil
• memberikan distribusi pendapatan yang lebih seimbang dengan pemberian harga yang wajar antar produsen dengan pelanggan, serta pemberian kesempatan yang sama kepada koperasi dan perusahaan kecil

     2.   Konsep Koperasi Sosialis
koperasi direncanakan dan dikendalikan oleh pemerintah dan dibentuk dengan tujuan merasionalkan produksi, untuk menunjang perencanaan sosial.
Menurut konsep ini koperasi tidak bekerja sendiri tetapi merupakan subsistem dari sistem sosialisme untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan sistem sosialis-komunis 

    3.    Konsep koperasi negara berkembang

•  koperasi sudah berkembang dengan ciri tersendiri, yaitu dominasi campur tangan pemerintah dalam pembinaan dan pengembangannya
• perbedaan dengan konsep sosialis, pada konsep sosialis, tujuan koperasi untuk merasionalkan faktor produksi dari kepemilikan pribadi ke pemilikan kolektif sedangkan konsep koperasi negara berkembang, tujuan koperasi adalah meningkatkan kondisi sosial ekonomi.

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TIPS MENANGKAL RADIASI HANDPHONE

Untuk meminimalisir bahaya yang mungkin terjadi karena pengaruh radiasi ponsel, berikut tipsnya:

·         Batasi pemakaian ponsel  hanya pada panggilan yang penting-penting saja dan bicaralah dengan singkat. Ingatlah bahwa pembicaraan via ponsel yang terlalu lama, apalagi sampai berjam-jam disinyalir mempunyai beberapa dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Namun jika anda harus melakukan panggilan yang lama, disarankan untuk memakai handsfree untuk keamanan.

·         Anak-anak dibawah umur seharusnya hanya diperbolehkan memakai ponsel dalam keadaan darurat saja,. Mengingat meraka masih dalam tahap perkembangan, bahaya radiasi bisa bertambah parah.

·         Jika memakai ponsel tanpa handsfree, tunggulah sampai panggilan benar-benar terkoneksi sebelum menaruh ponsel ditelinga untuk melakukan pembicaraan.

·         Minimalisir pemakaian ponsel diruangan tertutup dengan berbahan logam atau baja, misalnya didalam mobil. Dalam ruangan seperti ini, ponsel harus bekerja keras menstabilkan koneksi sehingga radiasi meninggi. Selain itu, ada kemungkinan radiasi memantul kembali kepengguna di ruangan yang didominasi bahan baja.

·         Minimalisir pengguna ponsel ketika kekuatan sinyal hanya hanya satu bar atau kurang. Dalam kondisi ini, ponsel juga harus bekerja keras untuk menstabilkan koneksi sehingga radiasi bertambah besar.

·         Belilah ponsel dengan level SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)yang rendah. Level SAR adalah ukuran kuantitas frekuensi radio yang diserap tubuh manusia 

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JOBS CONDITIONS

JOBS CONDITIONS	WORKER'S RATING	MANAGER'S RATING
full appreciations for work done	dicipline	dicipline
feeling 'in'on things	feeling 'in'on things	full appreciations for work done
sympathetic understanding of personal problems	interesting work	managemen loyalty to workers
job security	good working conditions	promotion & growth with company
good wages	job security	feeling 'in'on things
interesting work	good wages	sympathetic understanding of personal problems
promotion & growth with company	full apreciations for work done	interesting work
managemen loyalty to workers	promotion & growth with company	good working conditions
good working conditions	managemen loyalty to workers	job security
dicipline	sympathetic understanding of personal problems	good wages

WORKER'S RATING	MANAGER'S RATING
DICIPLINE:because each worker requires high discipline to get the job running smoothly	DICIPLINE:because that could be an example for his subordinates not to lazy to work and make the job so much easier
FEELING 'IN' ON THINGS:because workers are not likely to bring home to the feeling that there is work that does not make his job seriously	FULL APRECIATIONS FOR WORK DONE:because every manager must give full appreciation to the workers so that they become a passion in work
INTERESTING WORK:because every worker should have the interesting nature of the work that managers can work together	MANAGEMEN LOYALTY TO WORKERS:because loyalty in the spirit of making the workers work
GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS:because every worker must have a good working condition so that there is no misunderstanding of the other workers in the work	PROMOTION & GROWTH WITH COMPANY:because that does not bankrupt the company, the managers often make promotional and see the growth of the company
JOB SECURITY:because each worker takes a job at his job security	FEELING 'IN'ON THINGS:because it requires managers to focus on the job
GOOD WAGES:because with good wages make workers happy and the spirit in the work	SYMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONAL PROBLEMS:because with sympathetic understanding makes managers more focused on the job
FULL APRECIATIONS FOR WORK DONE:because good appreciation makes workers happy	INTERESTING WORK:because the work that makes managers more attract more spirit in her work
PROMOTION & GROWTH WITH COMPANY:because, promotion and growth path made ​​by a worker	GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS:because, with a good job the manager would be better at his job
MANAGEMEN LOYALTY TO WORKERS:because, with the manager making the loyalty of the workers to be more serious in the works	JOB SECURITY:because, with job security make managers more spirit in her work
SYMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONAL PROBLEMS:because, with sympathetic pemahan workers will be more focused on his job	GOOD WAGES:because, with good wages mkanajer will be solid again against the company

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Profile Of Foreign Bank Which Operats In Indonesia

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A

Bank of America Corporation is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered America in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is the second largest bank holding company in the United States by assets. In 2010, Bank of America is the fifth largest company in the United States by total revenue, and the third-largest non-oil company in the U.S. (after Walmart and General Electric). In 2010, Forbes put Bank of America as the third largest company in the world.

Bank's 2008 acquisition of Merrill Lynch made ​​Bank of America the world's largest wealth management companies and a major player in the investment banking market.

Company held 12.2% of all bank deposits in the United States in August 2009, and is one of the Big Four banks in the United States, along with Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo-its main competitors. Bank of America operates in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and more than 40 other countries. It has a retail banking footprint that covers about 80 percent of the U.S. population and serves approximately 57 million consumer and small business relationships in 5,600 banking centers and 16,200 automated teller machines (ATMs).

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CONVERSATION 2

Susan Barnes     : excuse me, mr harrist, good morning??

Mr.Harrist           : good morning too, what's up early in the morning to my room??

Susan Barnes     : I want to submit my letter out of this job

Mr.Harrist           : Whatttttt……..!!!! why  do you want out of this job??

Susan Barnes     : I want to focus more on my kids

Mr.Harrist           : what is it with you kids susan??

Susan Barnes     : I was a little boy there who keep the home

Mr.Harrist           : Where your husband??

Susan Barnes     : My husband's work that morning

Mr.Harrist           : ohhh yeah I forgot, I mean your maid??

Susan Barnes     : My maid again return home, because her mother died

Mr.Harrist           : I’m sorry to hear that, yeah so what I want you to keep working here??

Susan Barnes     : what if i find a guy to replace my job??

Mr.Harrist           : I do not want to I wants you to keep working here

Susan Barnes     : yes already if so I would look for a replacement maid me, why with me??

Mr.Harrist           : You have been working for me, I know your quality, and people like you are so   needed here.

Susan Barnes     : could have been mr harrist

Mr.Harrist           : If so, what if I choose you to be my assistant, it will improve your quality too, right?

Susan Barnes     : wooow this is serious,Mr Harrist??

Mr.Harrist           : yes this seriously, how??

Susan Barnes     : it's gone I will talk about this to my husband

Mr.Harrist           : ok I can wait for you, because you are a good worker.

Susan Barnes     : if I could get another position, because I think I was less suitable for the position of assistant.

Mr.Harrist           : of course if so, what position do you want?

Susan Barnes     : I want to become an assistant manager

Mr.Harrist           : of course if you can not be out of this job and to work better

Susan barnes     : yes I would be more work better

is cool to talk mr harris call an office boy to make a cup of coffee

Mr.Harrist           : Please drink this coffee

Susan Barnes     : yeah thanks Mr.Harrist

Mr.Harrist           : Susan, you know how where dreams this company??

Suasan Barnes   : don’t know, what??

Mr.Harrist           : I want this company to go international

Susan Barnes     : wooow what might be??

Mr.Harrist           : could be as long as all these companies could petrify to remain successful

Susan Barnes     : yes of course I will do better at this company

Mr.Harrist           : therefore I do not want you to get out of this company

Susan barnes     : ok thanks Mr.harris

Mr.Harrist           : yeah thank’s too

Susan Barnes     : then I go back to the place I again thank you very much

Mr.Harrist           : okay 

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HIGH COST ECONOMY IN INDONESIA

Chief Economic Minister Hatta Rajasa said that the government had continued to reduce various barriersthat create high economic costs. The government had consistently taken steps on reducing high economiccosts such as in the construction of infrastructures like toll roads, expansion of seaports and building dry ports. Besides that, the government also continued to reduce bureaucratic constraints, regulations thatdiscouraged investment and fighting against illegal levies. Earlier, a number of businessmen complainedof high production costs. They considered that there were still a lot of home works the government had toaccomplish. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono had previously stressed the importance of reducinghigh costof economy(http://en.voi.co.id/voi-news/2733-indonesian-govt-continues-to-reduce-high-cost-economy)

Manpower and Transmigration Minister Muhaimin Iskandar asked the local government tosuppress and eliminate the high cost economy practices in their respective regions. "One of theefforts to raise the wages of the worker / laborer is to suppress and eliminate the causes of thehigh cost burden on business in Indonesia," for the cost of an expensive venture into economic barriers that create difficulties entrepreneurs develop their business and increase the wages of workers significantly,"We continue to encourage local governments to improve the climate of employment in theregion, by eliminating the practices of extortion, simplify licensing convoluted and unclear charges that had been burdening other entrepreneurs," business in Indonesia can raise workers'wages when a decline in the cost of production, the emphasis (high cost economy), improvementof infrastructure and processes are easy and inexpensive.Kemnakertrans Party has issued the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of Indonesia No.13 of 2012 on Components and Implementation Phases Living Needs Achievement is arefinement Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No.17/MEN/VII1/2005.Dalam perfecting new Permenakertrans the original number of species need46 types of components turned into 60 types KHL KHL component. In addition there are 8 typesof adjustment / addition of quality and quantity of the KHL and 1 change type needs.

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Bahaya menaruh HP di saku celana

Suara dering telepon di saku celana Anda bisa menjadi alarm bahaya bagi sel sperma. Demikian menurut hasil studi yang menemukan bahaya radiasi ponsel pada kualitas sperma.

Beberapa riset telah menunjukkan pria pengguna ponsel memiliki jumlah sperma lebih sedikit, lebih lambat bergerak dan rusak, dibandingkan dengan pria yang tidak memakai ponsel. Namun sebenarnya yang menjadi masalah adalah tempat penyimpanan ponselnya.

Sekitar dua bulan lalu para peneliti dari Afrika Selatan menemukan pria yang membawa ponselnya di pinggul atau di kantong celana bagian depan memiliki sperma yang lebih lambat dalam berenang dan juga lebih sedikit konsentrasinya. Keduanya sangat berpengaruh pada kesuburan seorang pria.

Studi teranyar mengenai efek radiasi dilakukan peneliti dari Turki dengan subyek sel sperma manusia di dalam cawan patri yang diberi paparan radiasi ponsel selama satu jam. Paparan tersebut menyebabkan sperma menjadi abnormal, sehingga kesulitan mencapai sel telur.

"Seharusnya hasil riset ini diwaspadai oleh pria yang masih berada di usia reproduksi dan terbiasa menaruh ponselnya di saku celana," kata Joel Moskowitz, Ph.D, direktur Universitas California, Berkeley Center for Familiy and Community Health.

Penelitian lain yang dilakukan pada tikus percobaan juga memberi hasil mengkhawatirkan. Para peneliti meletakkan tikus-tikus dalam kandang khusus dengan ponsel ditaruh 2 inci dari dasar kandang.

Setelah berdekatan dengan ponsel 6 jam setiap hari selama 18 minggu, para peneliti menemukan penurunan prosentasi sperma hidup 25 persen, dari sebelumnya 70 persen. Selain itu sel sperma tikus-tikus itu juga saling menempel sehingga tidak bisa membuahi sel telur.

Moskowitz mengatakan hasil penelitian ini belum mencapai kesimpulan karena mekanisme radiasi pada perubahan sel sperma belum diketahui.

Salah satu teori menyebutkan ponsel akan memanas ketika digunakan sehingga akan meningkatkan suhu di sekitar organ genital pria ketika disimpan dalam saku celana.

Hipotesis lain menyatakan hal itu berkaitan dengan frekuensi elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan ponsel. Baik sel tubuh atau ponsel memancarkan frekuensi elektromagnetik dan radiasi frekuensi yang tinggi akan diserap tubuh hingga ke jaringan sehingga meningkatkan gerakan molekuler di dalam sel tubuh.

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Tugas pengantar Manajemen jilid 2

Pak gusan adalah salah satu pedangang bakso keliling yang selalu keliling komplek setiap sore. Pak  gusan mempunyai tekad besar berjualan bakso karna hanya untuk membiayai anak sekolah dan menafkasi seorang istri. Pak gusan hanya lulusan SD(sekolah dasar)  saja susah untuk mencari pekerjaan yang mau  meneri ma pak Gusan yang hanya lulusan SD.

            Pak gusan berjualan bakso karena mengikuti jejak almarhum bapaknya yang juga berjualan bakso keliling. Dari situ lah pak gusan mempunyai keahlian membuat bakso. Pak gusan sebagai penjual bakso juga mempunyai Visi dan Misi dalam berjulannya:

Visi

1.      Pak gusan ingin memiliki tempat sendiri atau kios sendiri untuk berjulan baksonya.

2.      Menjadi penjula bakso yang terkenal di daerah bekasi

MISI

1.      Menyediakan berbagai variasi hidangan bakso yang enak dan unik

2.      Memberikan pelayanan yang baik

3.      Senantiasa berinovasi dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan untuk memaksimalkan kepuasan pelanggan

4.      menjaga cita rasa makanan yang disukai oleh konsumen

5.      meningkatkan kualitas kerja karyawan

6.      menjaga kebersihan tempat maupun proses pembuatan

Keputusan keputusan:

1. 1.      Pak gusan memilih jenis usaha yang benar karena pak gusan hanya lulusan SD saja, dan untungnya pak gusan memilii keahlian dalam membuat bakso
2. 2.      Pak gusan memilih lokasi yang benar karena dia berjualan dilingkungan komplek yang ramai

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Conversation about job in hotel

One day Ricky and hakim met at a hotel in Jakarta. they met to discuss the development of existing businesses in their countries

Ricky   : Hello hakim, how are you?

Hakim : I’m fine Ricky. How do you work in America??

Ricky   : Yeah nice one. How do you work in Indonesia??

Hakim : very interesting work here

Ricky   : How did your family there??whether healthy all kim??

Hakim : Yess all healthy all family here Ricky. How healthy all??

Ricky   : Alhamdullilah healthy all kim.

Hakim : Thankfully fit all

Ricky   : Hakim. You work out what in the America??

Hakim : I became the Indonesia government for the America

Ricky   : How about your job security in your country??

Hakim : I think that job security in my country is very safe. and how do the security job in your country??

Ricky   : I think that job security in my country in my country is less secure there wrote job accident that occurred

Hakim : I hope your country could increase to secure occupational safety  

Ricky   : yes thanks Hakim. How about salaries in your country??

Hakim  : I think salaries in my country have been able to satisfactorily pay child and wife. In your country Ricky??

Ricky   : In my country salaries is my country enough already to finance school children and wives spending money. How about your promotion in your country??

Hakim  : Promotion about job in my contry is sufficiently high and how about promotion in your country ??

Ricky   : the same as the country you. How about decision making??

Hakim  : decisions taken well by way of deliberation. And in your country??

Ricky   : It sames with your country

Hakim  : (wkwkwkwk) Indonesia have a good decision making because it same with my country

Ricky   : How about fringe benefit??

Hakim  :  allowance in my country is very high which makes revenues rise

Ricky   : ok thank you Hakim

Hakim  : okk see you next time ricky…..

Ricky   : see you…

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influence of information technology for business development

Today information technology has developed very rapidly in which this development can not be avoided. Developments in information technology are also influenced by the scientific progress as time goes on more and more advanced up the steps. Since the first discovery of a computer in 1955, the civilized world has experienced a new era of information and rapidly.

The development of information technology is not just a way of life can help us become more modern, but there is also the influence of the information teknlologi impact on the mindset and lives a lifestyle that is different from ten years ago. This condition can be seen at this point that no distance can separate the communication between individuals, despite being outside the country, it did not become a major issue since the rapid advancement of technology and information amid our lives. The development of information technology will be that we can today give the effect of information technology are positive or negative can be utilized and we take very carefully.

The effect of this technology will have great impact and the highlights of the educational world today. Because education vulnerable entered and influenced by the development of new information technology if we do not sort the information technology influences are positive or negative, it will be dangerous. Not only for education are getting this effect, in terms of culture would be eroded by the rapid development of information technology is fast and we can not avoid this. And not only on education and culture that will be affected by the impact or influence informasiyang technology is growing very fast and we can not avoid this, the business world had now been utilizing advances in information technology that has rapidly. The application of information technology has been widely applied to companies that are national or private. The application of information technology and this causes a change in habits or new habits in the field of business. As the use of e-commerce as a medium of trade using the internet which currently are not difficult to reach by all people.

For the business world, this influence gives ease and fluency in doing business even though the business associate in another country, in terms of ibisa diatasai by utilizing video conferencing and Internet calls, which can be used at any time and does not charge any. Networks such as these are present in all of the global industry. This influence does not only affect the entrepreneurs who have a firm, the effect of information technology is also a major impact on its employees. Today, employees at companies no longer need to manually send the work sheet in the form of printed paper, just need to take advantage of e-mail facilities are available free of charge was able to send his reports without having hindered by time and place.

Effect of indirect information technology solutions that can help business in brief and no longer need such a large cost. As for the meetings, we now no longer have to gather one by one, we can use any of the features that are on a smart phone handsets to perform a flexible meeting should be at a place and not spend a comparatively small. The rapid development of information technology today demand of modern humans to act very quickly as well, if we can not follow the rapid motion of the development of information technology, we could have been left far behind, and the world of work and business nowadays also need employees who can use the hardware and software to support all the activities of his office.

The development of increasingly sophisticated information technology today is an integral part of all business field today. None of the business world is not terpengaru against informasiyang rapid technological influences. Whether or not a business should be able to follow the pace of development of information technology this fast-paced business world if not far behind with other business people.

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